Oral motor dysfunction
The most common defects in the performance of the mouth is a defect in oral motility, and among the important observations in this problem are the following:
This disorder causes salivation, food out of the mouth while eating, and chewing disorders.
This problem usually occurs in children, and is usually due to hypotonia, cerebral palsy, or several syndromes.
Other possible causes for this condition include paralysis of the facial nerve, or defects in the lips, tongue and jaw structure.
A defect in the development of the entire face may occur, as a result of Hemifacial microsomia – Goldenhar syndrome.
Oral birth defects
Among the important notes about birth defects of the mouth are the following:
Oral defects include microstomia, cleft lip with or without a cleft palate.
The cleft lip can be on one or both sides, and it can sometimes include the base of the nose. It is worth noting that unilateral clefts are more common on the left side.
A complete bilateral cleft is a difficult birth defect that requires multiple surgeries to treat, and in many cases the final outcome is not satisfactory.
Tongue thrust
Tongue pinching is a relatively common dysfunction. It causes defects in chewing and pronouncing in a way that attracts attention. It is worth noting that congenital defects in the tongue are among the rare things that appear as a single defect, or as part of a syndrome, such as Beckwith Wiedermann syndrome, Down syndrome, or microglossia. (Microglossia).
Single tooth defects
Single dentition defects are a relatively common disorder that usually occurs as a result of an abnormal development of the jaws.
Congenital defect in facial development
Congenital defects in facial development can be symmetrical, and examples include retraction of the lower jaw, or small size and deformity of the lower jaw, which may appear to different degrees with aesthetic or functional implications, and may cause breathing disorders when sleeping.
Short frenulum linguae
The shortness of the tongue frenulum is one of the most common congenital defects, and it includes the occurrence of shortening of the membrane at the base of the tongue, which causes a restriction in the movement of the tongue, and it is preferable in this case to separate the frenulum in order to give the tongue greater freedom of movement.
Glossoptosis
Drooping tongue is another defect of the tongue that causes difficulty in eating and breathing. This is due to the tongue being twisted backwards. This defect may be associated with defects in the lower jaw.
