This sensitivity occurs when dentin loses its natural protection and is exposed. Dentin is one of the tissues found inside the teeth and covered by the enamel and gums. When these protective barriers fail, they expose the nerve endings they contain.
Although it is a hard tissue, dentin has thousands of microscopic tubes which are known as dentinary tubules. As if it were a small pore, it connects the outer part of the tooth with the pulp, where the nerve fibers are located, so it serves as a channel for external stimuli to reach the inside.
Hypersensitivity to cold is an irritant that appears when low-temperature stimuli come into contact with dentin. This can be from extremely cold food or drink, to the intense pain that results when inhaling cold air through the mouth in winter.
Why does tooth sensitivity to cold occur?
There are many reasons why dentin becomes exposed, causing a reaction to cold in the teeth. The vast majority have to do with lifestyle, and it happens little by little, without patients realizing the harm.
Inappropriate brushing with too much force or using a toothbrush with very hard bristles.
Use abrasive toothpaste.
Consuming acidic drinks and foods, such as soft drinks, juices, or citrus fruits.
Teeth deterioration due to bruxism or grinding.
Consuming some medications and treatments that damage tooth enamel or cause irritation in the gums.
Diseases that cause a highly acidic medium in the oral cavity, such as hiatal hernia, reflux or bulimia nervosa.
