historically

In the late 1940s and early 1950s there was some success with the first surgical methods used to treat aortic stenosis. The first attempts were valvulotomy (cutting off the valve during a heartbeat). Heterotopic or ectopic valve) to treat aortic stenosis, but it had catastrophic complications, later, after the discovery of cardiopulmonary bypass, the replacement ball valve was placed in its optimal position (in the same place as the aortic valve). The first generation of prosthetic valves was durable, but required a large amount of anticoagulants, and the cardiac hemodynamics were in an average state. During the mid-1950s, Banson and his collaborators developed a single-leaf replacement. In the early 1960’s Ross and Barratt used allografts (a graft from an individual of the same species), Bennett introduced tissue replacement valves in 1965, but they deteriorated rapidly due to insufficient tissue preservation, and Carpentier solved this problem by inserting preserved porcine valves With glutar aldehyde.[1][2]