1- Fixed Braces
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orthodontics.
Braces are usually placed on the front side of the teeth, but they can also be placed on the side facing the tongue (called lingual braces). Braces made of stainless steel or porcelain are attached to the center of the teeth using an adhesive. The wires are placed in a bracketed slot allowing motion control in all three dimensions.
Apart from wires, forces can be applied using elastic bands, [15] and springs can be used to push teeth apart or close a gap. Several teeth can be joined together using ligatures and different types of hooks can be applied to allow the attachment of a flexible band.[16] [15]
Clear aligners are considered an alternative to braces, but there is insufficient evidence to determine their effectiveness. [17]
It is the most widely used orthodontic device, and the person cannot remove it on his own. It consists of brackets that stick to the outer surface of each tooth, and connects the brackets with each other using wires.
Fixed braces are mostly made of metal, but there may be other options, such as: transparent metal, ceramic braces made of ceramic, or metal braces installed on the inner surfaces of the teeth.
Duration of treatment
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The time required to perform orthodontics varies from person to person, depending on the severity of the problem. the amount of room available; the distance the teeth must travel; healthy teeth, gums, and supporting bones; And the patient’s commitment to follow instructions. On average, however, once braces are in place, they usually stay in place for one to three years. After the braces are removed, most patients will need to wear the retainer all the time for the first six months, and then while sleeping for many years.[18]
2- Mobile orthodontic device
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This orthodontic treatment treats small problems, such as: slight crookedness of the teeth and the problem of thumb sucking. It is not allowed to remove this orthodontic except when eating or needing to clean the teeth or clean the device itself. Examples include: straighteners, retainers, and palatal expanders*.[19]
3- Headgear
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An orthodontic headgear – sometimes referred to as an ‘extraoral device’ – is a treatment technique that requires the patient to strap a device on his or her head to help correct a malocclusion – usually used when teeth are not aligned properly. Headgear is often used in conjunction with braces or other orthodontic appliances. Whereas braces correct the position of the teeth, orthodontic headgear — which, as the name suggests, is worn or attached to a patient’s head — is often added to orthodontic treatment to help change jaw alignment, although there are some situations in which such a device can help move Teeth, especially the molars.
Whatever the purpose, orthodontic headgear works by pressing clips through hooks, face brackets, coils, elastic bands, orthodontic metal bands, and other fixable devices directly into the patient’s mouth. It is most effective for children and teens because their jaws are still developing and can be easily manipulated. (If an adult is fitted with a headgear, it is usually to help correct the position of teeth that have shifted after other teeth have been extracted.) Thus a headgear is commonly used to treat a number of jaw alignment or bite problems such as an underbite.[20]
Head gear or head strap is used outside the mouth, and this is often done in conjunction with braces to modify the problem of malocclusion, whose principle of action is to generate pressure on the braces through coils, hooks, braces, etc., and gives the best results when the jaw is under Growth for children and adolescents is no longer as common as it used to be, but it is not non-existent.
4- Jaw surgery
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Some cases of orthodontics require surgical intervention, which is to present or return the jaw (upper or lower) or both. The primary purpose of jaw surgery is to repair a severe malocclusion. The bone is broken during surgery and fixed with titanium (or bioresorbable) plates and screws to allow healing to occur.[21] After surgery, regular orthodontic treatment is used to move the teeth into their final position.[22]
during treatment
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To reduce pain during orthodontic treatment, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), vibrating devices, chewing attachments, brainwave music, or cognitive behavioral therapy may be used. However, the supporting evidence is of low quality and the results are inconclusive. [23]
post treatment
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After completion of orthodontic treatment, there is a tendency for teeth to return, or retract, to their pre-treatment positions. More than 50% of patients have some reversion to pre-treatment conditions within 10 years after treatment.[24] To prevent relapse, the majority of patients will be offered a retainer once treatment has completed and will benefit from wearing retainers. Servers can be fixed or removable.
Removable servers
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Stabilizers (Hawley)
Removable retainers are made of clear plastic and are specially designed for the patient’s mouth. It has a snug fit and keeps all teeth in position. There are several brands of clear fixatives, including Zendora, Essex Retainer, and Vivera Retainer.[25] The Hawley retainer is also a removable orthodontic device made of a combination of plastic and metal that is specifically molded to fit the patient’s mouth. Removable retainers will be worn for different lengths of time depending on the patient’s need for dental fixation.[26]
Fixed servers
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Fixed retainers are a simple wire that is secured to the tongue-facing portion of the incisors using dental adhesive and can be particularly useful for preventing rotation in the incisors. Other species may include
