The cause of tooth decay is acid from bacteria dissolving the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin and cementum).[6] The acid is produced by bacteria when they break down food debris or sugar on the surface of the tooth.[6] Simple sugars in food are the primary energy source for these bacteria, so a diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor.[6] If the mineral breakdown is greater than the buildup from sources such as saliva, then caries results.[6]
Dental caries is also associated with poverty, poor oral hygiene and receding gums which lead to exposure of the tooth roots.
