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Dental surgery is a medical procedure that involves artificially modifying teeth; In other words, it means: dental and jawbone surgery. Dental anesthesia is similar to general medical anesthesia except for the use of nitrous oxide, which is relatively uncommon in the field of dentistry in the United States. The most commonly used local anesthetic is lidocaine (also called xolacaine or ligonocaine), which is the modern replacement for novocaine and procaine. The average bioavailability of lidocaine in the body is about 1.5-2 hours. Other local anesthetics currently in use include sibotokine, marcaine (a long-acting anesthetic), and mepivacaine. A combination of these may be used depending on the situation. Also, most anesthetics come in two types: with or without epinephrine.