United kingdom

Across the UK, there are many specialist orthodontic training registrar positions.[45] The program is full-time for three years, and upon completion, trainees graduate with a master’s or doctoral degree. [45] Training may take place within hospital departments associated with recognized dental schools. [45] Obtaining a Certificate of Completion of Specialist Training (CCST) allows an orthodontist to register with the General Dental Council (GDC). [45] An orthodontist can provide care in a primary care setting, but to work in a hospital as an orthodontic consultant, higher level training as a trainee is required after the CCST. [45] To work within a university environment, as an academic advisor, it is also required to complete research towards a Ph.D. [45]